In the aftermath of the First World War, the global landscape was marked by a fragile peace and the rise of radical political movements. As nations struggled to rebuild their economies and societies, the emergence of totalitarian regimes and the intensification of social tensions created a volatile environment. From the rise of fascism in Italy and the consolidation of power in the Soviet Union to the social and economic upheavals in Germany and the United States, the era was defined by a struggle for stability and the pursuit of new ideologies. This period of profound change and uncertainty set the stage for the conflicts and transformations that would shape the remainder of the 20th century.