While there's no single, universally agreed-upon boundary marking where Earth's atmosphere ends and outer space begins, the Kármán line, located 100 kilometers (62 miles) above sea level, is often used as a working definition. This altitude marks the point where a conventional aircraft would need to travel at orbital velocity to generate sufficient lift from the atmosphere to stay aloft. Beyond this line, the laws of physics governing spaceflight, such as orbital mechanics, become dominant. Deep-space missions typically involve spacecraft traveling beyond Earth's orbit, exploring other celestial bodies within our solar system and beyond. These missions have expanded our understanding of planetary science, cosmology, and astrobiology, providing insights into the formation and evolution of our universe.
