Carthage, a maritime and commercial powerhouse, emerged as ancient Rome's formidable rival in the Mediterranean. Founded by Phoenician settlers in the 9th century BC, Carthage grew into an empire stretching across North Africa, southern Spain, and parts of the Mediterranean islands. Its wealth, naval dominance, and strategic location made it a significant threat to Rome's expansionist ambitions. The Punic Wars, a series of three conflicts spanning over a century, were fought between these two powers for supremacy in the Mediterranean. Despite initial Carthaginian victories, Rome's perseverance and military prowess ultimately led to Carthage's downfall. The Third Punic War concluded with the complete destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, marking the end of its challenge to Rome's dominance.