The 20th century witnessed a surge of groundbreaking scientific advancements driven by a constellation of brilliant minds. Among the most influential are Albert Einstein, whose theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity; Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and a pioneer in the field of radioactivity; James Watson and Francis Crick, who unraveled the double helix structure of DNA; Alan Turing, the father of theoretical computer science; and Stephen Hawking, whose work on black holes and cosmology expanded our knowledge of the universe. These scientists' discoveries not only transformed our understanding of the natural world but also sparked technological advancements and shaped the course of human history.
