The world's growing demand for green technologies, such as electric vehicles and wind turbines, is driving up the demand for rare earth elements, a group of 17 metals crucial for their production. However, these elements are not rare in the Earth's crust; their scarcity lies in their concentration and accessibility. The mining and processing of rare earths are often associated with environmental and social issues, and the dominance of China in their production raises concerns about supply chain vulnerabilities. Additionally, the geopolitical implications of this situation are significant, as countries seek to secure access to these vital resources for their technological development and energy transition. As a result, finding sustainable and ethical sources of rare earths and developing technologies that reduce their dependency is paramount to ensure a green future for generations to come.
